Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women of reproductive age. This syndrome is characterized by the formation of cysts in the ovaries, elevated levels of androgens (male sex hormones), and irregular menstrual cycles. The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but it is believed that genetic and environmental factors play a role.

Symptoms of PCOS include hirsutism (excessive hair growth on the face and body), acne, weight gain or difficulty losing weight, irregular menstrual cycles, and ovulation problems. PCOS can also lead to other health issues such as infertility, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, hypertension, and heart disease.

Treatment for PCOS varies based on the severity of symptoms, the patient’s age, and overall health. Managing weight, engaging in regular exercise, and following a healthy diet can help reduce PCOS symptoms. Medications, especially birth control pills, may be prescribed to lower androgen levels and regulate the menstrual cycle. For women with ovulation issues, fertility treatments like ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technologies (IVF) may be options.

Addressing PCOS symptoms is crucial, but long-term health outcomes should also be considered. Regular monitoring can help manage the progression of PCOS and prevent related health complications.