Cesarean birth, commonly referred to as a C-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions made in the mother’s abdomen and uterus. It is typically performed when a vaginal birth poses risks to the mother or baby, or when complications arise during pregnancy or labor.

Cesarean birth can be planned in advance or carried out as an emergency procedure if necessary. Common reasons for a C-section include the baby being in an abnormal position (such as breech), multiple births (twins or more), placenta issues, prolonged labor, or previous C-sections.

The procedure involves making a horizontal or vertical incision in the lower abdomen, followed by a second incision in the uterus to safely deliver the baby. After the baby is delivered, the placenta is removed, and the incisions are closed.

While C-sections are generally safe, they carry risks typical of major surgery, such as infection, blood loss, and longer recovery times compared to vaginal birth. However, cesarean delivery can be a life-saving option when vaginal birth is not possible or safe.

The decision for a C-section is usually made by the doctor in consultation with the mother, depending on the health and circumstances of both the mother and baby.